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0–19
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19th hole
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The clubhouse bar.
A
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-
Ace
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When a player hits the ball directly from the tee
into the hole with one stroke. Also called a hole in
one.
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Address
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The act of taking a stance and placing the club-head
behind the ball. If the ball moves once a player has
addressed the ball, there is a one-stroke penalty.
Unless it is clear that the act of the player did
not cause the ball to move on purpose. If the player
addresses the ball and places the head of the club
behind it and in doing this causes the ball to move,
a one shot penalty does not occur in this case.
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Aerosol
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A player who rarely hits the ball in a consistent
line. One who sprays the ball.
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Aggregate
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Refers to a score made over more than one round of
play, or by two or more players playing as partners.
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Aim
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Generally, the direction in which your target lies
and the direction you intend for your ball to go.
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Air shot
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A shot where the player addresses the balls, swings,
and completely misses the golf-ball. An air shot is
counted as a stroke. See also whiff.
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Albatross
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A hole played three strokes
under
par. Also called a
Double Eagle.
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Alignment
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The position of a player's body relative to the
target line of the ball.
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All square
-
In match play, a match is all square (tied)
when both players or teams have won the same number
of holes.
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Ambrose
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A system of team play whereby each player takes a
tee shot, after which the most favorable ball
position is chosen. All the team's players then take
a shot from this new position, and so on. (Also
known as a Texas Scramble)
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Angle of approach
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The angle at which the club head strikes the ball.
This affects the trajectory the ball will travel and
spin.
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Approach shot
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A shot intended to land the ball on the green.
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Apron
-
The grass surface on the perimeter of the green that
separates it from the surrounding fairway or rough.
Also known as frog-hair, or fringe.
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Artisan
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A class of membership of a golf club with restricted
rights at a low cost. Historically, many British
golf clubs had small artisan sections, drawn from
the working classes. Typically artisan members had
limited playing rights, could not enter the
clubhouse, had no vote on the management of the
club, played in separate competitions from the main
membership and had to perform unpaid maintenance of
the course. Often an artisan club was a separate
organization that had negotiated use of a course
with a private members club. Some artisan
organizations have survived to this day.
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Attend (the flag-stick)
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When a player holds and removes the flag-stick for
another player.
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Away
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Describing the golfer whose ball is farthest from
the hole. The player who is away should always play
first.
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Austin
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Any ball that lands off of the green yet still on an
imaginary line passing through the flag-stick. The
ball can be any distance off of the green, out to
infinity, as long as it is still located on the
imaginary line. Thus a player can be pin high 50
yards wide right and still claim an Austin.
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B
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Back nine
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The last nine holes of an 18 hole golf course.
Playing the back nine is called "heading in".
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Backspin
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A backwards spin that occurs when a player strikes
the golf-ball. The spin causes the ball to stop
quickly or spin backwards after landing on the
green.
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Back-swing
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The first part of the golf-swing. The back-swing
starts with the club-head immediately behind the
ball and ends when the club-head travels back behind
the player's head. The term take-away refers
to the first part of the back-swing.
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Ball
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A small sphere used in playing golf, which is
intended to be struck by a player swinging a club.
Balls are usually white, covered in dimples, and
made of a variety of materials.
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Ball-marker
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A token or a small coin used to spot the ball's
position on the green prior to lifting it.
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Ball-washer
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A device found on many tees for cleaning golf balls.
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Banana-ball
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The result of a severe fade that results in a
trajectory in the shape of a banana. This is also
referred to as an extreme slice.
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Bandit
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See Sandbagger.
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Bare Lie
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When the ball lies directly on hard ground without
any grass to buoy the ball up, (i.e.), where there
is no grass creating a gap between ball and the
ground. Applicable when practicing off hard mats.
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Best ball
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A form of team play using two, three, or four person
teams. The team score on each hole is the lowest
score obtained by one of the team members. For
example, if player A has a 5, player B has a 6,
player C has a 4, and player D has a 5, the "best
ball" and team score is a 4.
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Biarritz
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A hole whose green
incorporates a deep gulley that that effectively
splits the putting surface in two. Named after a
famous example at La Phare Golf Club in
Biarritz, France.
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BIGGA
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Is the professional association in the United
Kingdom dealing with all matters of golf management
from a greens-keeper's viewpoint. For the U.S.
equivalent, see GCSAA.
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Birdie
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A hole played in one stroke
under
par.
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Bisque
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A form of handicapping used in private match play
games. The higher handicapped player is allowed to
choose on which holes they receive their handicap
allowance of "free shots". As this is a matter of
negotiation between the players involved there are
many variations in the number of shots allowed and
when (before the start of the round, before playing
a hole, during the play of a hole, after playing a
hole) the claiming of "free shot" is allowed. Bisque
matches are not recognized by the rules of golf.
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Bite
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Some players put a great deal of spin on their
approach shots causing the ball to stop immediately
when it hits the green. This phenomenon is referred
to as biting or checking. Depending on the amount of
backspin, the ball may suck backwards.
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Blade
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(i) A type of iron where the weight is
distributed evenly across the back of the club-head
as opposed to mainly around the perimeter (see
cavity back).
(ii) A type of putter with a striking face
considerably wider than the distance from the face
to the rear of the club-head.
(iii) a shot struck "thinly" with the bottom of an
iron striking high up on the golf ball, causing a
low trajectory shot with a lack of control.
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Blast
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A bunker shot that sends the ball, and accompanying
sand, (hopefully) onto the green. Also known as an
"explosion".
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Blind
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A shot that does not allow the golfer to see where
the ball will land, such as onto an elevated green
from below.
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Block
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A shot played severely to the right; Similar to the
"push".
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Bogey
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A hole played one stroke over par.
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Bounce
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The measurement of the angle from the front edge of
a club's sole to the point that rests on the ground
when addressing the ball. In discussing wedges,
bounce describes a sole angle where the back edge of
the sole is lower than the front edge, keeping them
from digging too deep in sand or being stopped by
tall grass.
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Bounce Back
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Scoring a birdie or better on a hole immediately
following a bogey or worse. Also see Reverse
Bounce Back.
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Break
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The tendency of a putted ball to roll left or right
of a straight line. This deviation may be a result
of a number of factors or combination of factors
including uneven surface, grain of the grass, how
firmly the putt is struck or, in extreme
circumstances, wind. In the United Kingdom, it is
also known as "borrow".
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Bullarding
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Playing consistently above your regular handicap or
regularly failing to achieve in competition play. It
is the opposite of sandbagging.
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Bump and run
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A low-trajectory shot that is intended to get the
ball rolling along the fairway and up onto the
green. Similar to a chip shot, but played from a
greater distance.
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Bunker
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A depression in bare ground that is usually covered
with sand. Also called a "sand trap". It is
considered a hazard under the Rules of Golf.
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Bunker, Green-side
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A bunker next to or even in a green. See bunker.
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Bunker, Fairway
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A bunker located on or in the fairway. See bunker.
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Bye
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A short game played over the remaining holes when
the main match finishes early because one player or
team has won by a large margin. It serves the joint
purpose of adding some competitive meaning to the
rest of the holes and also for the losing side to
attempt to regain some of the pride lost as a result
of their humiliation in the main match. It is usual
for the loser of the bye to buy the first drinks in
the 19th hole afterwards. In this respect it is an
almost direct equivalent to a beer match in cricket.
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C
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Caddy or Caddie
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A person, often paid, who
carries a player's clubs and offers advice. Players
are responsible for the actions of their caddies.
Players cannot receive advice from anyone other than
their caddy or partner. A Scots form of the French
'Cadet', meaning an assistant or errand-runner.
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Calcutta
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A wager, typically in support of one team to win a
tournament. In a Calcutta golfers bid,
auction style, on the team (or golfer) who they
think will win the tournament (you can bid on your
own team or yourself). All the money raised through
the auction goes into an auction pool. At the end of
the tournament, those who bet on the winning team
(or golfer) that won the tournament receives a
predetermined payout from the auction pool.
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Carry
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How far the ball travels through the air. Contrasted
with "run". Typically refers to a shot over a
hazard. For example, "This shot requires a 200 yard
carry to get over that water."
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Cart
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The four-wheeled electrical or gas-powered vehicle
for use in transporting players and their equipment
from hole to hole. Also, a hand-pulled (2-wheel) or
hand-pushed (3-wheel) cart for carrying a bag of
clubs, also available in powered versions controlled
by remote.
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Casual water
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Any temporary standing water visible after a player
has taken his stance. Snow and ice can also be taken
as casual water, as well as water that overflows the
banks of existing water hazards.
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Cavity back
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Any iron whose design characteristic is such that
the weight is distributed primarily around the outer
edges of the club-head in order to maximize
forgiveness on off-center hits.
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Chip
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A short shot (typically played from very close to
and around the green), that is intended to travel
through the air over a very short distance and roll
the remainder of the way to the hole.
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Chunk
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A swing that results in the club-head hitting the
ground before the ball, resulting in a large
chunk of ground being taken as a divot. Also
called a "fat" shot, or "chili-dipping".
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Clone
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Budget brand golf clubs that look similar to, and
emulate the characteristics of, more expensive clubs
without breaching any patents.
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Closed face
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When (in relation to the target-line) the club-face
is angled toward the player's body, i.e., angled
left for right-handed players.
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Closed stance
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When a player's front foot is set closer to the
target-line. Used to draw the ball or to prevent a
slice.
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Club
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(i) An instrument used by a player to hit a golf
ball. A player is allowed to carry up to fourteen
(14) clubs during a round of golf.
(ii) An organized group of golfers, usually owning
or managing a golf course.
(iii) The entirety of a golf facility, including
course, club-house, pro-shop, practice areas etc.
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Club-head
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The part of a club that used to strike the ball.
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Club-face
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The surface of the club-head which is
designed to strike the golf ball. Striking the ball
with the center of the clubface maximizes distance
and accuracy.
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Clubhouse
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A building on a golf course providing facilities for
golfers, typically including changing rooms, bar,
restaurant, offices for club officials and
notice boards with information about local rules, the
conditions of the course, upcoming events etc. A
clubhouse may incorporate a pro shop and
dormie house. The clubhouse is normally located
adjacent to the first and final holes of the course.
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Come-backer
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A putt required after the previous putt went past
the hole.
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Compression
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The measurement for expressing the hardness of a
golf ball, normally 90 compression. Harder balls
(100 compression) are intended for players with
faster swings but may also be useful in windy
conditions.
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Condor
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A four-under
par shot; for example,
a hole-in-one on a par 5. Might also be called "a
triple eagle".
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Count-back
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A method of determining a winner of a competition in
the event of a tie. There are several different
methods used, but typically the scores in the last
nine, last six, last three and final hole are
compared in turn until a winner emerges.
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Course
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A designated area of land on which golf is played
through a normal succession from hole #1 to the last
hole.
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Course rating
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Course rating is a numerical value given to each set
of tees at a particular golf course to approximate
the number of strokes it should take a scratch
golfer to complete the course.
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Cross-handed
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A putting (and, occasionally,
full-swing) grip in which the hands are placed in
positions opposite that of the conventional grip.
For right-handed golfers, a cross-handed grip
would place the left hand below the right. Also
known as the "left-hand low" grip, it has been known
to help players combat the
yips.
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Cut
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(i) The reduction in the size
of the field during a multiple round stroke play
tournament. The cut is usually set so that a
fixed number of players, plus anyone tied for that
place, or anyone within a certain number of strokes
of the lead will participate in the subsequent
round(s). Tournaments may have more than one cut.
(ii) A shot similar to a
fade, a cut curves
from left to right (for a right-handed player), but
is generally higher in trajectory.
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D
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Dead
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TV-broadcaster slang for a shot in which there is no
favorable outcome possible. One variation includes,
"Get the body bags!", which is a favorite of Gary
McCord.
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Dimples
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The round indentations on a golf ball cover which
are scientifically designed to enable the ball to
make a steady and true flight. Dimples, by reducing
drag, allow a golf ball to stay in the air for a
longer flight than would be possible with a smooth
ball.
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Divot
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(i) The chunk of grass and
earth displaced during a stroke.
(ii) The indentation on the green caused by the ball
on an approach shot; more properly called a
pitch mark or ball
mark.
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Dog-balls
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Scoring an 'eight' on any single golf hole. The
origin of the term is in reference to what the
number 'eight' looks like on its side.
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Dogleg
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A hole where the fairway is straight for some
distance and then bends to the left or right. These
holes are so-named because they resemble the shape
of a dog's leg.
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Dog license
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A defeat in
matchplay by the margin of
7&6. Named because the cost of a dog license in the
United Kingdom before
decimalisation in 1971 was
seven shillings and sixpence (written 7/6, 37½p in
new money), commonly known as seven and six.
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Dormie or Dormy
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A situation in match play when a player leads
by as many holes as there are holes left to play.
For example, four up with four holes to play is
called "dormie-four".
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Dormie house
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A building at a golf club providing overnight
accommodation.
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Double bogey
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A hole played two strokes over par.
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Double cross
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A shot whereby a player intends for a fade
and hits a hook, or conversely, intends to
play a draw and hits a slice. So
called because the player has aimed left (in the
case of a slice) and compounds this with hitting a
hook, which moves left as well.
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Double eagle
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A hole played three strokes under par. Also
called an Albatross.
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Downswing
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A motion involving the body and golf-club used to
move the club from the top of the swing to the point
of impact.
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Draw
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A shot that, for a right-handed golfer, curves to
the left; often played intentionally by skilled
golfers. An overdone draw usually becomes a
hook.
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Drive
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The first shot of each hole, made from an
area called the tee box (see definition
below), usually done with a driver (a type of
golf club).
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Duck-hook
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A severe low hook that barely gets airborne.
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Duff
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Also known as Dub or Flub, but almost always denotes
a horrible shot. Typically, this is a shot where
very little or no contact is made between the
club-face and golf-ball. Also, See Shank.
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E
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Eagle
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A hole played in two strokes under par.
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Even
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Having a score equal to that of par.
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Explosion
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A bunker shot that sends the ball, and accompanying
sand, (hopefully) onto the green. Also known as a
"blast".
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European Tour
-
One of the world's leading professional golf tours,
along with the PGA Tour. Based in Europe, but also
co-sanctions the major championships and World Golf
Championships in the United States, along with many
other tournaments in Asia, Africa and Australia.
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F
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Fade
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A shot that, for a
right-handed golfer, curves slightly to the right,
and is often played intentionally by skilled
golfers. An overdone fade will appear similar
to a
slice.
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Fairway
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The area of the course between the tee and the green
that is well-maintained allowing a good lie for the
ball
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Fairway hit (FH)
-
A fairway is considered hit if any part of the ball
is touching the fairway surface after the tee shot
on a par 4 or 5. Percentage of fairways hit is one
of many statistics kept by the PGA Tour.
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Fairway markers
-
Fairway markers indicate the distance from the
marker to the center of the green. Some fairway
markers give the yardage. Most are color-coded as
follows: yellow=250 yards, blue=200 yards, white=150
yards, red=100 yards. These colors are not
standardized and may vary based on the specific
course layout.
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Fat
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A stroke in which the club makes contact with the
turf long before the ball, resulting in a poor
contact and significant loss of distance.
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Ferret
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Hole out from outside the green.
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Flag-stick
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A tall marker, often a metal pole with a flag at the
top, used to indicate the position of the hole on a
green. Also called the "pin". An additional smaller
flag, or other marker, is sometimes positioned on
the flag-stick to indicate the location of the hole
(front, middle, or back) on the green.
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Flier
-
A type of lie where the ball is in the rough and
grass is likely to become trapped between the ball
and the club-face at the moment of impact. Flier
lies often result in "flier shots", which have
little or no spin (due to the blades of grass
blocking the grooves on the club-face) and travel
much farther than intended.
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Flop shot
-
A short shot, played with an open stance and an open
club-face, designed to travel very high in the air
and land softly on the green. The flop shot is
useful when players do not have "much green to work
with", but should only be attempted on the best of
lies.
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Follow Through
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The final part of a golf swing, after the ball has
been hit.
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Fore
-
A warning shout given when there is a chance that
the ball may hit other players or spectators.
-
Fore caddy
-
One employed by a golfer or group of golfers to walk
ahead of the players in order to spot the fall of
their shots and to find their balls. More commonly
used in the days of hand-made feathery balls when
the cost of replacing a ball would be greater than
the fore caddy's fee. Today in professional
tournaments, ball spotters are normally placed at
each hole for the same purpose.
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Four-ball
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In matchplay, a contest between two sides, each
consisting of a pair of players, where every
individual plays his own ball throughout. On every
hole, the lower of the two partner's scores is
matched against the lower of the opposition's
scores. (Four-balls are the afternoon matches played
on the Friday and Saturday of the Ryder Cup) In
stroke-play, a four-ball competition is played
between several teams each consisting of 2 players,
where for every hole the lower of the two partner's
scores counts toward the team's 18 hole total. The
term four-ball is an informal reference to
any group of 4 players on the course.
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Foursomes
-
In matchplay, a contest between two sides each
consisting of a pair of players, where the 2
partners hit alternate shots on one ball. The first
player tees off, the second player hits the second
shot, the first player hits the third shot, and so
on until the ball is holed. Also partners alternate
their tee shots, so that one member of each team
will always tee-off on the odd holes and the other
will tee off on the even holes. (Foursomes are the
opening matches played on the Friday and Saturday
mornings of the Ryder Cup.). In stroke-play, a
foursome competition is played between several teams
each consisting of a pair of players, where partners
play alternate shots until the SINGLE ball is holed.
The term foursome is a common reference to
any group of 4 players on the course.
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Fringe
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The closely mowed area surrounding the green. The
grass in between the green and the fairway.
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Front nine
-
Holes 1 through 9 on a golf course.
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Funnies
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Various informal achievements, both positive and
negative; these differ from traditional achievements
like birdies or eagles in that the achievements are
for unusual things that may happen in the course of
a game. Their main use is to add interest to
informal matchplay games as they enable players to
win something regardless of the overall outcome of
the match. They are frequently associated with
gambling because money, usually small stakes,
changes hands depending on which funnies occur.
G
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GCSAA
-
The American professional association for golf course
superintendents. Analogous to BIGGA in the United
Kingdom.
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Gimme
-
Refers to a putt that the other players agree can
count automatically without actually being played
(under the tacit assumption that the putt would not
have been missed). "Gimmes" are not allowed by the
rules in stroke play, but they are often practiced
in casual matches. However, in match play, either
player may formally concede a stroke, a hole,
or the entire match at any time, and this may not be
refused or withdrawn. A player in match play will
generally concede a tap-in or other short putt by
his or her opponent.
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Goldie Bounce
-
When the ball strikes a tree
deep in the rough and bounces out onto the
fairway.
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Golf club
-
(i) An implement used by a player to hit a golf
ball. A player is allowed to carry up to fourteen
(14) clubs during a round of golf. (ii) An organized
group of golfers, usually owning or managing a golf
course. (iii) The entirety of a golf facility,
including course, club-house, pro-shop, practice
areas etc.
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Grain
-
The direction in which the grass grows, specifically
on the green (see below). Depending on the variety
of grass used on the green and mowing patterns,
grain can significantly influence the speed and
movement of a putt.
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Grand slam
-
Winning all the golf's major championships in the
same calendar year. Before The Masters was founded,
the national amateur championships of the U.S and
the UK were considered majors along with the two
national opens and only Bobby Jones has ever
completed a grand slam with these. A "Career Grand
Slam" is having won each of the majors at least
once, not necessarily in the same year.
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Green
-
The area of specially prepared
grass around the hole, where
putts are played.
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Greensomes
-
Is a variation of foursomes, where each side
consists of 2 players. Both players play one
tee-shot each from every tee. A choice is then made
as to which is the more favorable of the 2 ball
positions, the other ball being picked up.
Thereafter the players play alternate shots. So if
A's tee-shot is selected, the playing order from the
tee will be A-B-A-B etc until the ball is holed out.
If player B's tee-shot is selected, the playing
order will be B-A-B-A etc. The team with the lowest
score wins the hole.
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Green in regulation (GIR)
-
A
green is considered
hit "in regulation" if any part of the ball is
touching the putting surface and the number of
strokes taken is at least two fewer than
par (i.e., by the first
stroke on a par 3, the second stroke on a par 4, or
the third stroke on a par 5). Greens in regulation
percentage is one of many statistics kept by the PGA
Tour.
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Grounding the club
-
To place the club-face behind the ball on the ground
at address. Grounding the club is prohibited in
bunkers or when playing from any marked hazard.
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Ground under repair (GUR)
-
An area of the golf course that is being repaired. A
free drop is allowed if the ball lands in an area
marked "GUR".
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Groove
-
(i) The crevices on the face of a club that are
designed to impart spin on the ball.
(ii) A well practiced swing that is easily
repeatable by the golfer is often described as "well
grooved"
-
Golden Ferret
-
Holing out from a (green-side) bunker.
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Good-good
-
When both players in a match agree to concede each
others' putts.
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H
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Hacker
-
People who demonstrate very little or no
golf-etiquette.
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Half
-
In match play, a hole is
halved (or tied) when both players or teams have
played the same number of strokes. In some team
events, such as the
Ryder Cup and
Presidents Cup (except for
singles matches in the latter competition while its
overall outcome remains in doubt), a match that is
tied after 18 holes is not continued, and is called
"halved", with each team receiving half a point.
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Handicap
-
A number assigned to each player based on his
ability and used to adjust each player's score to
provide equality among the players. In simplified
terms, a handicap number, based on the slope of a
course, is subtracted from the player's gross score
and gives him a net score of par or better half the
time.
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Halfway house or Halfway hut
-
A building, generally between the 9th and 10th
holes, providing light snacks and refreshments for
golfers during their round.
-
Handsy
-
A player with too much wrist movement in their golf
swing or putting stroke, causing inconsistent shots
or putts.
-
Hard-pan
-
Hard, usually bare, ground conditions. Generally,
hard-pan refers to hard, dry clay, with very little
or no grass.
-
Hazard
-
Any bunker or permanent water including any ground
marked as part of that water hazard. Special rules
apply when playing from a hazard.
-
Heel
-
Where the club-head is attached to the shaft.
-
Hole
-
A circular hole in the ground which is also called
"the cup", 4.25 inches (108 mm) in diameter.
-
Hole in one
-
Hitting the ball from the tee into the hole, using
only one stroke.
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Hole in one insurance
-
Many tournaments offer large
prizes if a player shoots a
hole in one on a
particular hole. Indemnity insurance is often
purchased to cover the cost should anyone make the
hole in one. Hole in one insurance is also available
for individuals to cover the cost of a round of
drinks in the event of them achieving a hole in one.
-
Hook
-
A shot that initially takes a
trajectory opposite the side of the golf ball from
which the player swings but eventually curves
sharply back towards the player. Under normal
circumstances, a hook is unintentional; however,
good players can use a hook to their advantage in
certain situations. Hooks are often called the
"better player's miss", thanks to the fact that many
of the game's greatest players (Ben
Hogan, for instance) have
been plagued by the hook at one time or another in
their careers. A shot that follows the same
trajectory but to a lesser degree is referred to as
a 'draw'. A draw is often intentionally used by
above-average players to achieve a certain type of
spin. The curved shape ball-flight is the result of
sideways spin. For that reason a "hook" does not
refer to a putt.
-
Hosel
-
The hollow part of the
club-head where the shaft is attached. Hitting the
ball off the hosel is known as a
shank.
-
Hybrid
-
A type of club, increasingly popular in the 21st
century, that in the broadest sense combines the
mechanics of a long iron with the more forgiving
nature of a fairway wood.
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I
-
In contention
-
A player with a chance of winning a tournament is said
to be "in contention". A player who rises up the
leaderboard throughout the course of their final round
is said to be "moving into contention".
-
Interlocking grip
-
Grip style where (for right-handed players) the
pinkie finger of the right hand is hooked around the
index finger of the left.
-
Inward nine
-
The back nine holes of a golf course, so named
because older links courses were designed to come
back "in" toward the clubhouse after going "out" on
the front nine.
-
Iron
-
A club with a flat-faced solid metal head generally
numbered from 1 to 9 indicating increasing loft.
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J
-
-
Jab
-
A putting stroke that is short, quick, and, often,
erratic.
-
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K
-
-
Knock-down
-
A type of shot designed to have a very low
trajectory, usually employed to combat strong winds.
-
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L
-
-
Lag
-
(i) A long putt designed to simply get the
ball close to the hole.
(ii) During the downswing, how far the club-head
"lags" behind the hands prior to release.
-
Lay-up
-
A stroke played with a shorter
range club than is possible in order to position the
ball in a certain spot. This may be done to ensure a
more comfortable next stroke or to avoid a
hazard.
-
Lie
-
(i) How the ball is resting on the ground, which may
add to the difficulty of the next stroke.
(ii) The angle between the center of the shaft and
the sole of the club-head.
-
Line
-
The path the ball is expected to take following a
stroke. This is of particular importance on the
green, where stepping on another player's line
is considered a breach of etiquette.
-
Links
-
A type of golf course, usually along a
stretch of coastline,
-
Local rule
-
An addition to the rules of
golf applying to abnormal conditions that may be
found on a particular golf course.
-
Loft
-
The angle between the club's shaft and the club's
face.
-
Loose impediment
-
A small natural item which is
not fixed or growing, solidly embedded, or stuck to
the ball, such as a small stone or leaf. Unless
found within a
hazard players are
generally permitted to move them away, but if the
ball is moved while doing so, there is a one-stroke
penalty.
-
LPGA
-
(i) A U.S.-based organization that operates the
world's most significant women's golf tour. From its
inception, it has included female club and touring
professionals in its membership—unlike men's golf in
the U.S., in which club and touring professionals
have been represented by different bodies since
1968.
(ii) Any of several other national organizations,
modeled after the U.S. LPGA, supporting women's
professional golf. These bodies may follow the U.S.
model, or may be devoted solely to touring pros.
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M
-
-
Made cut did not finish (MDF)
-
On the PGA Tour, the result given to those players
who made the cut after the first two days, but were
subject to a second cut after the third day, due to
the size of the first cut. The cut line on the PGA
Tour is generally top 70 plus ties.
-
Mainstream
-
A term sometimes used by golf media to contrast the
primary golf tour, or set of major championships, in
a country or region, with senior professional golf.
-
Major(s)
-
The most prestigious golf
tournaments. In the modern game the
Masters Tournament,
U.S. Open,
The Open Championship and
the
PGA Championship are
considered the
men's major golf championships.
The
Kraft Nabisco Championship,
LPGA Championship,
U.S. Women's Open,
Women's British Open and
The Evian Championship are
currently considered the
women's major golf championships.
Historically, from before the dominance of the
professional game in the mid 20th century, the
British and
U.S. Amateur Championships
are also often considered men's majors. Sometimes,
people refer to The Players Championship as "The
Fifth Major".
-
Marker
-
(i) A small metal or plastic disk used to mark the
position of a ball on the green if it has been
lifted for cleaning etc (ii) one who is appointed by
the Committee to record a competitor’s score in
stroke play. They may be a fellow-competitor.
-
Mashie niblick
-
A 6/7 iron. The term was used primarily in the early
1900s.
-
Match play
-
A form of golf play where players or teams compete
against each other on a hole-by-hole basis. The
total number of strokes does not determine the
winner. Instead, the number of holes won determines
the winner. It is possible to win in match-play with
more strokes than your opponent.
-
Medal play
-
Style of scoring in which the player with the fewest
strokes wins. Most professional tournaments are
medal play. Also known as "stroke play".
-
Member's bounce
-
Any favorable bounce of the golf ball that improves
what initially appeared to be an errant shot.
-
Mid-amateur
-
Term used mainly in the U.S.
to describe a competitive "career amateur" golfer
who has no aspirations of a career on a professional
tour. Also used to describe the national men's and
women's competitions that
the USGA operates for amateurs 25 and older.
-
Misread
-
A misread is to incorrectly discern the correct line
of a putt.
-
Monday qualifier
-
A stroke play golf tournament held on the Monday
before a professional golf tournament that awards
top finishers entry into the tournament.
-
Motor-caddy
-
A battery-powered device, often with remote control,
used to transport a walking golfer’s clubs.
-
Moving day
-
The penultimate day of a four-day tournament, so
called because it is the day where competitors try
to set themselves up for the final push on the final
day.
-
Mud ball
-
A golf ball that has soil or other debris stuck to
it which can affect its flight. Under normal rules
of golf one is only allowed to clean a ball in play
when it is on the putting green. During exceptional
conditions this rule may be waived by a local
rule (see Preferred lies).
-
Mulligan
-
A do-over, or replay of the
shot, without counting the shot as a stroke and
without assessing any penalties that might apply. It
is not allowed by the rules and not practiced in
tournaments, but is common in casual rounds in some
countries, especially the
United States.
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N
-
-
Nassau
-
A type of wager between golfers that is essentially
three separate bets. Money is wagered on the best
score in the front 9, back 9, and total 18 holes.
-
Nine Iron
-
A club of the highest loft, in the "iron" family.
Used for short distance shots.
-
No Card (NC)
-
If a player does not turn in a
scorecard for a round the player is reported as "NC"
for the round. An exception is if the player is
injured and withdraws.
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O
-
-
On the charge
-
A player is said to be "on the charge" when
stringing together birdies to move into contention
during the final round of a stroke play tournament.
-
Open face
-
When (in relation to the target line) the club-face
is angled away from the player's body, ie angled
right for right-handed players.
-
Open stance
-
When a player's front foot is drawn backwards
further from the target line. Used to fade the ball
or to prevent a hook.
-
Ostrich
-
The single hole score of -5, or five under par. The
only way this can occur is with a hole-in-one on a
par 6, or two on a par 7. This score has never been
achieved and it is unlikely that it ever will
considering the dramatic length and rarity of holes
over par 5. See Par (score).
-
Outside agent
-
Is any agent not part of the match or, in stroke
play, not part of the competitor's side. Referees,
markers, observers, and fore-caddies are outside
agents. Wind and water are not outside agents.
-
Outward nine
-
Refers to the first nine holes, so named as links
golf courses were set up where the first nine holes
went "out" away from the clubhouse.
-
Out-of-bounds
-
The area designated as being outside the boundaries
of the course. When a shot lands "O.B.", the player
"loses stroke and distance", meaning that he/she
must hit another shot from the original spot and is
assessed a one-stroke penalty. Out-of-bounds areas
are usually indicated by white posts.
-
Overlapping grip
-
See Vardon grip
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P
-
-
Pace
-
The speed at which a putt must be struck to get to
the hole. Pace and break are the two
components of green-reading.
-
Par
-
Standard score for a hole (defined by its length) or
a course (sum of all the holes' pars).
-
Penal
-
A type of golf hole design where the player has
little choice in the shots required to make par at
the hole. Failure to execute these shots
successfully is punished by severe hazards. Compare
with Strategic.
-
Perfect round
-
Having scored a birdie or better on all 18 holes of
a round.
-
PGA
-
Any Professional Golfers' Association, for example
the Professional Golfers' Association of America.
-
PGA Tour
-
The organizer of the main male professional golf
tours in the United States and North America.
-
Pin
-
Slang for "flag-stick".
-
Pin-high
-
Refers to a ball on the green that is positioned
along an imaginary horizontal line through the hole
and across the width of the green.
-
Pitch
-
A short shot (typically from
within 50 yards), usually played with a higher
lofted club and made using
a less than full swing, that is intended to flight
the ball toward a target (usually the hole) with
greater accuracy than a full iron shot.
-
Pitch mark
-
A divot on the green caused when a ball lands.
Players must repair their pitch marks, usually with
a tee or a divot tool.
-
Play through
-
Permission granted by a
slow-moving group of players to a faster-moving
group of players to pass them on the course.
-
Plugged lie
-
A bad lie where the ball is at least half-buried.
Also known as a "buried lie" or in a bunker a "fried
egg".
-
Plunk
-
A lie where the ball is on the lip of a lake or
other water hazard.
-
Plus handicap
-
A golf handicap less than zero. A 'plus' handicap
golfer must add his handicap to his score.
-
Pop-up
-
A poor tee shot where the top of the club-head
strikes under the ball, causing it to go straight up
in the air. In addition to being bad shots, pop-ups
frequently leave white scuff-marks on the top of the
club-head, or dents in persimmon clubs. Also known
as "sky shots".
-
Preferred lies
-
A Local rule that
allows the ball in play to be lifted, cleaned and
moved on the
fairway during adverse
course conditions.
-
Pre-shot routine
-
The steps an experienced player goes through to get
ready for his or her shot. It usually involves
taking practice swings and visualizing the intended
shot.
-
Pro
-
A professional is a golfer or person who plays or
teaches golf for financial reward. They may work as
a touring pro in professional competitions or
as a teaching pro (Also called a club pro).
-
Pro shop
-
A shop at a golf club, run by the club professional,
where golf equipment can be purchased.
-
Pull
-
A pull is a shot that unintentionally travels on a
trajectory on the same side of the ball from which
the player swings.
-
Punch shot
-
A shot played with a very low trajectory, usually to
avoid interference from tree branches when a player
is hitting from the woods. Similar to the
knock-down, it can also be used to avoid high winds.
-
Push
-
A push, or block, is shot that unintentionally
travels on a trajectory opposite the side of the
ball from which the player swings. In match play, a
push occurs when neither competitor wins the hole.
-
Putt
-
A shot played on the green,
usually with a
putter.
-
Putting green
-
A practice green is a putting surface usually found
close to the club house, used to warm up and
practice putting.
-
Putter
-
A special
golf club with a very low
loft that makes the ball roll along the green with
top-spin.
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Q
-
-
Q-School
-
"Qualifying School", the
qualifying tournament on several major professional
tours, such as the PGA Tour, European Tour, or LPGA
Tour. Q-School is a multistage tournament (four for
the PGA Tour, three for the European Tour, two for
the LPGA) that culminates in a week-long tournament
in which a specified number of top finishers (25
plus ties in the PGA Tour, 30 plus ties in the
European Tour, and exactly 20 in the LPGA) earn
their "Tour Cards", qualifying them for the
following year's tour. The final tournament is six
rounds (108 holes) for men and five rounds (90
holes) for women. The 2012 Q-school for the 2013 PGA
Tour season wasn't the last one, as the rules of
qualification for a "tour card" have been changed to
eliminate Q-school.
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R
-
-
R&A
-
Since 2004 the governing body
of golf throughout the world except the United
States and Mexico, where this responsibility rests
with the United States Golf Association (USGA). It
works in collaboration with national amateur and
professional golf organizations in over 110
countries. The R&A is a separate organization from
the
Royal and Ancient Golf Club
of St Andrews which formerly performed this role.
-
Range Finder
-
A measuring device used to determine one's relative
distance to an object. In golf, they are most
commonly used to find out how far a player is from
the hole.
-
Redan
-
A hole that has a green which slopes downward and
away from the point of entrance, typically the front
right portion of the green, inspired by the original
Redan hole on the North Berwick West Links,
Scotland.
-
Release
-
The point in the downswing at which the wrists
uncock. A late release (creating "lag") is one of
the keys to a powerful swing.
-
Reverse Bounce Back
-
Scoring a bogey or worse on a
hole immediately following a birdie or better. Also
see
Bounce Back.
-
Rough
-
The grass that borders the
fairway, usually taller
and coarser than the
fairway.
-
Rowan Matchplay
-
A form of singles
Matchplay which can be
played by 3 or more players. Players begin all
playing against one another until one player wins a
hole outright posting the best score than all other
playing partners on a hole. That player is then 1 up
versus all of their combined playing partners who
now form a team against the player leading and try
to get the match back to all-square. In a 3 player
game, after someone goes 1-up, the match then takes
the form of the leading player versus the scores of
the other two players.
-
-
Rub of the Green
-
Occurs when the ball is deflected or stopped by a
third party/object, e.g. if a ball is going out of
bounds and is deflected in bounds by hitting a
spectator or a tree.
-
Run
-
The distance a ball travels once it lands. The two
distances of a golf shot are first its "carry" and
then its "run."
-
Rutter
-
A small headed niblick for hitting the ball from a
cart track.
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S
-
-
Sandbagger
-
A golfer that carries a higher official handicap
than his skills indicate, e.g., carries an eight,
plays to a two. Sandbaggers usually artificially
inflate their handicaps with the intent of winning
bets on the course, a practice that most golfers
consider cheating. Also known as a bandit.
-
Sand save
-
When a player achieves par by
getting up and down
from a green-side
bunker. Sand save
percentage is one of many statistics kept by the PGA
Tour.
-
Sand trap
-
See bunker. Golfers with a deep knowledge of
the game rarely refer to a bunker as a sand trap.
-
Sand wedge
-
A lofted
club designed especially
for playing out of a
bunker. The modern sand
wedge was invented by
Gene Sarazen. Although
sand wedges were designed for bunker shots, they are
actually used for all types of shots within 100
yards.
-
Sandy (or Sandie)
-
A score of par or better that includes a bunker
shot. Sandys are counted as points in some social
golf games. If a par or better is achieved after
hitting two or three bunker shots on the same hole,
the terms double sandy or triple sandy
are used, respectively. See Funnies.
-
Scotch foursomes
-
In scotch foursomes teams of 2 players compete
against each other. Players alternate hitting the
same ball. The first player tees off, the second
player hits the second shot, the first player hits
the third shot, and so on until the ball is holed.
To this point, the definition of ‘scotch foursomes’
is the same as that of ordinary ‘foursomes’;
however, players do not alternate hitting tee shots
as they would in foursomes. If Player A teed off on
the first hole and Player B holed the final putt,
Player B would not tee off at the second, meaning
that Player A could, in theory, play every tee shot
on the round. The team with the lowest score wins
the hole.
-
Scramble
-
When a player misses the green in regulation, but
still makes par or better on a hole. Scrambling
percentage is one of many statistics kept by the PGA
Tour. Also a two or four man format, similar to Best
Ball, except in a scramble, each player strikes a
shot, the best shot is selected, then all players
play from that selected position.
-
Scratch golfer
-
A player's whose handicap equals zero.
-
Senior
-
Describes a competition for older golfers, or
individuals who play in such competitions. In men's
professional golf, the standard lower age limit is
50. Some competitions use 45 (the Legends Tour in
women's golf) or 55 (the U.S. Senior Amateur) as the
lower limit.
-
Shamble
-
A format, similar to a scramble, where every player
hits from the tee, the best tee-shot is selected,
and each player holes-out from the selected
tee-shot.
-
Shank
-
An erratic shot in which the golf ball is struck by
the hosel of the club. On a shank, a player has
struck the ball with a part of the club other than
the club-face. A shanked shot will scoot a short
distance, often out to the right, or might be
severely sliced or hooked.
-
"Shanks"
-
A condition in which a golfer suddenly cannot stop
shanking the ball; novice and experienced golfers
can be affected.
-
Shrimp
-
A severe hook, named because it resembles the shape
of a shrimp.
-
Shoot your (my) age
-
A round of 18 holes where a given player has a score
equal to, or less than, a player's age. For example,
an eighty-year-old man who scores an 80 has shot his
age.
-
Shoot your (my) temperature
-
A round of 18 holes where a given player has a score
equal to 98 or 99. Since this is not a good score,
it is usually used to deride an opponent.
-
Short game
-
Shots that take place on or near the green. Putting,
chipping, pitching, and green-side bunker play are
all aspects of the short game.
-
Sit
-
Telling the ball to drop softly, and not roll after
landing.
-
Skin
-
A
skins game pits players in
a type of match play in which each hole has a set
value (usually in money or points). The player who
wins the hole is said to win the "skin", and
whatever that skin is worth. Skins games may be more
dramatic than standard match play if it is agreed by
the players that holes are not halved. Then, when
any two players tie on a given hole, the value of
that hole is carried over and added to the value of
the following hole. The more ties, the greater the
value of the skin and the bigger the eventual
payoff.
-
Skull
-
To skull the ball means to contact the ball with the
leading edge of the iron, often resulting in a low
shot that goes further than expected with little to
no spin. A skulled shot is almost always due to a
mishit by the golfer. The terms "blade" and "thin"
are also used interchangeably with skull.
-
Slice
-
A shot that initially takes a trajectory on the same
side of the golf ball from which the player swings
but eventually curves sharply back opposite of the
player. Under normal circumstances, a slice is
unintentional; however, good players can use a slice
to their advantage in certain situations. Slices are
often the most common miss for below-average
players. A shot that follows the same trajectory but
to a lesser degree is referred to as a 'cut' or
'fade'. A cut or fade is often intentionally used by
above-average players to achieve a certain type of
spin. The curved shape of the ball-flight is the
result of sideways spin. For that reason a "slice"
does not refer to a putt.
-
Slope rating
-
Slope Rating is a number, from 55 to 155, used to
determine the level of difficulty of a golf course
for a bogey golfer. An "average" course has a slope
rating of 113.
-
Snap hook
-
A severe
hook that usually goes
directly left as well as curving from right to left,
for a right-handed golfer. A snap hook is when a
sever left to right hook occurs for a left-handed
golfer.
-
Snowman
-
To score an eight on a hole is to score a snowman.
So-named because an eight (8) looks similar to the
body of a snowman.
-
Society
-
An organized group of golfers, usually not
affiliated with any individual golf course. Members
are often drawn from the same workplace, profession,
alma mater, or other association.
-
Sole
-
The bottom or underside of any type of golf club. It
is where the club rests on the ground in playing
position.
-
Span
-
Move your marker when in the way of another persons
line of putt.
-
Speed
-
The pace of a putt. Proper 'speed' of a putt will
either hole the putt or leave it about 18 inches
beyond the cup. Furthermore, the speed of the putt
will often determine the amount of curve, or break,
in a putt.
-
Sprachle
-
Generally, this refers to playing badly. Sprachle is
a Scottish term.
-
Spray
-
To hit the ball with a grossly inconsistent
direction, compared to the intended target, in a
seemingly random manner.
-
Stableford
-
A points based scoring system.
The number of strokes taken on each hole relative to
par translates into a
set number of points, with the winner being the
player who accumulates the highest number of points.
-
Stimpmeter
-
A device used to measure the speed of putting
greens.
-
Strategic
-
A type of golf hole design where the player has a
choice of shots that can be played to make par on
the hole. Generally the choices that have the least
chance of entering a hazard are intended to have the
least chance of making par. Compare with Penal.
-
Stroke Play
-
See
Medal Play
-
Stymie
-
To block another player's putting path to the hole
with one's own ball. Now an anachronism since the
rules of golf permit marking the spot of the ball on
the green, thus allowing the other player to putt
into the hole without obstruction. Also, if a ball
marker impedes the line of another player's putt,
the marker is allowed to be moved in
length-increments of one putter-head in either
direction.
-
Sunday Bag
-
A small and lightweight golf bag. Traditionally
caddies were not available on a Sunday, so the
golfer would carry their clubs in such a bag.
-
Sunday Stick or Sabbath Stick
-
A golf club disguised as a walking stick for
surreptitious golf on a Sunday in societies with
strict observance of the sabbath.
-
Sweet-spot
-
The location on the club-face where the optimal
ball-striking results are achieved. The closer the
ball is struck to the sweet-spot, the higher the
Power transfer ratio will be. Hitting it in the
sweet-spot is also referred to as hitting it in the
screws.
-
Swing
-
The movement a golf player makes with his/her body
and club to hit the ball. A golf swing is made up of
a series of complex mechanical body movements. A
perfect golf swing is regarded as the "holy grail"
of the sport, and there are many approaches as to
how to achieve "perfection". Although there is only
one "textbook" golf swing, a perfect golf swing is
unique to every individual, and, in fact, it is
impossible for a human to perfectly duplicate the
textbook golf swing.
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T
-
-
Tap-in
-
Often called a "gimme", a
tap-in is a ball that has come to rest very close to
the hole, leaving only a very short
putt to be played. Often,
recreational golfers will "concede" tap-ins to each
other to save time.
-
Target-line
-
The target line is the straight line from the ball
to its intended target. It is also extended
backward.
-
Tee
-
A small peg, usually made of wood or plastic, placed
in the ground upon which the golf ball may be placed
prior to the first stroke on a hole. May also refer
to the teeing ground.
-
Teeing ground
-
The area from which you hit your drive or tee shot.
The teeing ground for a particular set of tees is
two club lengths in depth. The ball must be teed
between the markers, called tees, that define the
teeing ground's width, and no further back than its
depth. Tees are colored, but there is no standard
for colors. The "teeing ground" refers to one set of
tees. Most courses have at least three sets of tees,
some have more than twice that many. The areas where
tee markers are placed are called "tee boxes".
-
Tempo
-
The smooth change of the speed of a player's swing
from first movement, through the ball strike, to the
follow-through.
-
Ten finger grip
-
Grip style with all ten fingers on the club. Also
known as the Baseball grip.
-
Thin shot
-
Usually, an unintentional,
poor shot where the club-head strikes too high on
the ball. When taken to an extreme but still at or
below the center-line of the ball it is known "blading"
the ball. Sometimes, when the ball is lying a
certain way around the green, advanced players will
intentionally hit a thin shot to achieve certain
results.
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Through line
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When putting, the imaginary path that a ball would
travel on if the putted ball goes past the hole.
Usually observed by PGA players and knowledgeable
golfers when retrieving or marking a ball around the
hole.
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Through the green
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The entire area of the golf
course, except for the teeing ground of the hole
being played, the green of the hole being played and
all hazards on the course.
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Tips
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The championship tees on a golf course are known as
"the tips".
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Toe
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The far end of the club-head (farthest from the
hosel).
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Topped
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An errant shot where the club-head strikes on top of
the ball, causing the ball to roll or bounce rather
than fly.
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Tree shot
-
A bad shot that has hit the trees' leaves, branches,
and/or trunk and has resulted in a negative
situation, i.e., going out of bounds, into a hazard,
or leaving the ball much shorter than anticipated.
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Triple Bogey
-
A hole played three strokes over par.
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Turkey
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Three consecutive birdies during one round of golf.
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U
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Unplayable
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A player can declare his ball unplayable at any time
when it is in play (other than at a tee), and can
drop the ball either within two club-lengths, or
further from the hole in line with the hole and its
current position, or where they played his last
shot. A penalty of one stroke is applied. A ball
declared unplayable within a hazard must be dropped
within that hazard.
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Up and down
-
The situation where a player
holes the ball in two strokes starting from off the
green. The first stroke, usually a "pitch", a
"bunker shot" or a "chip", gets the ball 'up' onto
the green, and the subsequent
putt gets the ball 'down'
into the hole. A variation is called "up and in".
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USGA
-
The governing body of golf for
the U.S. and
Mexico. Together with
The R&A, the USGA produces
and interprets the Rules of Golf.
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USPGA
-
The principal organization for
golf professionals in the
USA. More commonly called
the "PGA of America".
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V
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Vardon grip
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A common grip style in which
(for right-handed players) the right pinkie finger
rests on top of the left index finger. Also known as
the "overlapping grip", it is named for
Harry Vardon, a champion
golfer of the early 20th century.
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Vaulting dormie
-
A possible occurrence in
match play when a player converts a lead into a
victory without passing through
dormie, a guaranteed
minimum of a tie at the end of regulation play. For
example, converting an 8-hole lead with nine to play
into a 9-hole lead with eight to play, or converting
a 1-hole lead with two to play into a 2-hole lead
with one to play.
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W
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Waggle
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A pre-shot routine where a player adjusts his body,
the club, and/or practice swings at the ball.
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We Are Golf
-
A coalition formed by the Club Managers Association
of America, the Golf Course Superintendents
Association of America, the National Golf Course
Owners Association, and The PGA of America to
highlight the economic and social impacts of the
game of golf.
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Wedge
-
A type of golf club; a subset
of
iron designed for
short range strokes. Of all the categories of clubs,
wedges have faces with the highest degrees of loft.
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Whiff
-
An attempt to strike the ball where the player fails
to make contact with the ball. A whiff must be
counted as a stroke.
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Winter rules
-
See Preferred lies
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Wire-to-wire
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Leading a tournament after every round (may or may
not include ties)
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Wood
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A type of club where the head is generally bulbous
in shape except for the club-face. Named because the
head was originally made of wood, although almost
all are now metal. Of all the categories of clubs,
woods have faces with the lowest degrees of loft.
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Worm Burner
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A shot that is hit remarkably low and sometimes
hard.
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Y
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Yips
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A tendency to twitch during
the putting stroke. Some top golfers have had their
careers greatly affected or even destroyed by the
yips; prominent golfers who battled with the yips
for much of their careers include
Sam Snead,
Ben Hogan, and, more
recently,
Bernhard Langer.
Z
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Zinger
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A ball hit high and hard.
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